The Future of Crop Protection in China

China is a traditional agricultural country, with a total area of 5,000 billion square meters stricken by plant diseases and insect pests each year. With only 7% of the world’s arable land, China has fed 22% of the world’s population, which is a great marvel in history. How do Chinese people achieve this? One answer is making good use of crop protection.

Crop protection is widely applied across the world and plays important roles in guaranteeing the safety of agricultural production and the quality of products, minimizing environmental pollution, safeguarding public health and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture in China. In recent years, crop protection has drawn more and more attention from the government and its status has been improved, due to the frequent outbreak of pests and diseases, and the stricter requirement on ecological environment, food quality and natural resources. The demand for crop protection products has increased by an annual growth rate of 6% in recent years.

At present, the artificial control, biological control, chemical control, agricultural control and physical control are applied in plant insect pests and diseases control in China. Chemical control and agricultural control are widely adopted in China; meanwhile biological control and physical control are only adopted in some specific regions of China.
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Executive summary
Methodology and scope
I Overview of crop protection industry in China
II Current situation of crop in China
II-1 Traditional crops
II-2 Horticulture
II-3 Forestry
II-4 GM crops
III Production and market of pesticides
III-1 Overview of China’s pesticide industry
- Manufacturers
- Production
- GLP
- Formulations
- Consumption
- Export
- Development trends
III-2 Summary of main pesticide categories in China
III-2.1 Insecticides
III-2.2 Herbicides
III-2.3 Fungicides
III-3 Distribution channels of pesticide in China
IV Introduction to crop protection technologies in China
IV-1 Monitor and forecast
IV-2 Genetic modification and breeding
IV-3 Natural enemy introduction
IV-4 Ecological regulation
IV-5 Pesticide-resistance management
IV-6 Crop quarantine
V End user behaviors in China
V-1 Habits and altitudes to crop protection
V-2 How to choose crop protection products
V-3 Knowledge & educational level of peasants
V-4 purchasing power
VI Plant diseases and insect pests
VI-1 Introduction to major diseases and insect pests
VI-2 Prevention and treatment
VI-3 Trends and reasons
VI-4 Forecasting methods
VII Regulations and policies
VIII Environmental protection
VIII-1 Soil
VIII-2 Water
VIII-3 Atmosphere
VIII-4 Human health
IX Forecasts
IX-1 Crop
IX-2 Pesticide
IX-3 Crop protection technology
IX-4 End user behaviors in China
IX-5 Plant diseases and insect pests
IX-6 Regulations and policies
X Appendix: Key player profiles
X-1 Seed companies
X-1.1 Shenzhen Biocentury Trangene (China) Co., Ltd.
X-1.5 Jiangsu Keteng Cotton Co., Ltd.
X-2 Pesticide companies
X-2.1 Nanjing Redsun Co., Ltd.
...
X-2.20 Jiangsu Tenglong Biological & Medicinal Co., Ltd.
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Table 1 Progress in crop protection technologies in the next 5 years
Table 2 Problems in crop protection in China
Table 3 Major inappropriate behaviors in using crop protection products
Table 4 Major factors influencing the development of plant diseases and insect pests
Table 5 The stricken area of main diseases and insect pests in traditional crops in 2003-2007, (million hectares)
Table 6 The estimated stricken areas of main diseases and insect pests in traditional crops in 2008-2013 (million hectares)
Table 7 The stricken area of main diseases and insect pests in forestry during 2003-2007 (million hectares)
Table 8 The estimated stricken area of main diseases and insect pests in forestry during 2008-2013 (million hectares)
Table 9 The stricken area of main diseases and insect pests in vegetable, apple and orange during 2006-2007 (million hectares)
Table 10 The estimated stricken area of main diseases and insect pests in vegetable, apple and orange during 2008-2013 (million hectares)
Table 11 Major regulations and policies on pesticide management
Table II.1 Planting area of different crops in China, 2000-2007 (103 hectares)
Table II-1.1.1 Distribution of wheat in China in 2006 (103 hectares, 103 tonnes)
Table II-1.1.2 Price Index of main cereal crops in China in 2006-2008
Table II-1.1.3 The main insecticides applied in cereal crop protection in China in 2007 (tonnes)
Table II-1.1.4 The main herbicides applied in cereal crop protection in China in 2007 (tonnes)
Table II-1.1.5 The main fungicides applied in cereal crop protection in China in 2007 (tonnes)
Table II-1.3.1 Main insect pests and disease involved in sugar crops in China
Table II-1.4.1 Consumption volume of cotton in China (103 tonnes)
Table II-1.4.2 Main diseases involved in cotton planting in 2008 (million hectares)
Table II-1.4.3 Main insect pests involved in cotton planting in 2008 (million hectares)
Table II-2.1 Consumption volume of main pesticides in vegetable garden and orchard in China in 2006 (tonnes)
Table II-3.1 Composition of forest in China in 2006 (million hectares, cubic meter)
Table II-3.2 Planting area of main trees in China until October 2008 (million hectares)
Table II-3.3 Main disease and insect pest infecting the main trees in China
Table II-4.1 Key researchers of GM crops in China
Table II-4.2 Key enterprises in GM crops in China
Table III-1.1 Number of pesticide producers with three certificates in Mainland China, 2003-2007
Table III-1.2 Top 50 pesticide companies in China in 2006, by sales income (million USD)
Table III-1.3 Top 40 technical manufacturers in China in 2008, by capacity (tonnes)
Table III-1.4 Gross income and profit of pesticide industry in China, 2003-2007 (million USD)
Table III-1.5 Sales income of China’s pesticides (million USD)
Table III-1.6 Capacity and output of pesticides in China, 1994-2007 (converted to 100% technical, tonnes)
Table III-1.7 Output of pesticides in China from 2003-2007, by region (tonnes)
Table III-1.8 Registration situation of water-based formulation
Table III-1.9 Area treated by different pesticides in 2006 and 2007 (million hectares)
Table III-1.10 Distribution of pesticide consumption in China in 2007, by province (tonnes)
Table III-1.11 Import & export of pesticides in China from 1993-2007, by volume and value (tonnes; million USD)
Table III-1.12 Export volume and value of pesticides broken down by technical and formulation in 2007
Table III-1.13 Import & export situation of pesticides broken down by category (tonnes)
Table III-2.1.1 Major insecticides in China
Table III-2.1.2 Major manufacturers of insecticide in China in 2008, ranking by capacity
Table III-2.1.3 Output of insecticides in China from 2003-2007, by region (tonnes)
Table III-2.1.4 Consumption pattern of insecticides by crops in 2007 (tonnes)
Table III-2.2.1 Main herbicides in China
Table III-2.2.2 Major manufacturers of herbicides in China in 2008, ranking by capacity
Table III-2.2.3 Output of herbicides in China from 2003 to 2007, by regions (tonnes)
Table III-2.2.4 Consumption pattern of herbicides in China in 2007, by crops (tonnes)
Table III-2.3.1 Main fungicides in China
Table III-2.3.2 Major manufacturers of fungicides in China in 2008, ranking by capacity
Table III-2.3.3 Output of fungicides in China from 2003 to 2007, by regions (tonnes)
Table III-2.3.4 Consumption pattern of fungicides in China in 2007, by crops (tonnes)
Table III-3.1 Key enterprises running chain-store operation of agricultural materials
Table IV-1.1.1 Institutes which developed radars used to monitor insects
Table IV-2.1 Main achievements in genetic modification and breeding of crops
Table IV-3.1 Natural enemies for the prevention and control of insect pests
Table IV-3.2 Main natural enemies of different insect pests in China
Table IV-5.1 Many pesticide-resistant insect pests in China
Table IV-6.1.1 Administration departments responsible for crop quarantine
Table V.1 Number of respondents and their planted crop
Table V-3.1 Some cases related to counterfeit crop protection products in 2007
Table V-3.2 Major unreasonable behaviors of Chinese peasants in using crop protection products
Table VI-1.1.1 Total stricken area of major diseases in traditional crops in 2003-2007, hectares
Table VI-1.1.2 Total stricken area of major diseases in rice in 2003-2007, million hectares
Table VI-1.1.3 Total stricken area of major diseases in wheat in 2003-2007, million hectares
Table VI-1.1.4 Total stricken area of major diseases in corn and cotton in 2003-2007, million hectares
Table VI-1.1.5 Total area hit by major diseases in horticulture, 2006-2007, million hectares
Table VI-1.1.6 Area hit by major diseases in apple and orange, 2006-2007, million hectares
Table VI-1.1.7 Total stricken area of major diseases in forestry in 2002-2007, million hectares
Table VI-1.2.1 Major insect pests that seriously threaten crop in China
Table VI-1.2.2 Total stricken area of omnivorous insect pests in 2003-2007, million hectares
Table VI-1.2.3 Total stricken area of major insect pests in traditional crops in 2002-2007, million hectares
Table VI-1.2.4 Total stricken area of major insect pests in rice in 2002-2007, million hectares
Table VI-1.2.5 Total stricken area of major insect pests in wheat in 2002-2007, million hectares
Table VI-1.2.6 Total stricken area of major insect pests in cotton ins 2002-2007, million hectares
Table VI-1.2.7 Total stricken area of major insect pests in vegetable, apple and orange, 2006~2007, million hectares
Table VI-1.2.8 Total stricken area of major insect pests in apple and orange in 2006-2007, million hectares
Table VI-1.2.9 Total stricken area of major insect pests in forestry in 2002-2007, million hectares
Table VI-2.1.1 Major pesticides that prevent and control diseases in traditional crops
Table VI-2.1.2 Major pesticides that prevent and control insect pests in traditional crops
Table VI-2.2.1 Major pesticides that prevent and control diseases in horticulture
Table VI-2.2.2 Major pesticides that prevent and control insect pests in horticulture
Table VI-2.3.1 Major natural enemies that prevent and control insect pests in forestry
Table VI-2.3.2 Major pesticides that prevent and control insect pests in forestry
Table VII-1.1 Regional distribution of nature reserves in China in 2007, by number
Table VII-1.2 Regional distribution of nature reserves in China in 2007, by area (hectares)
Table VII-4.1 Regulations of GM products since 1990
Table VII-5.1 Governmental organizations involving in the management of pesticide industry in China
Table VII-5.2 Registration management regulations of pesticide in 2008
Table VII-5.3 Adjustment of the export drawback of pesticide, 2005-2008
Table VII-5.4 Pesticides with high pollution and environmental risk in 2008
Table VIII.1 Investment of environmental protection in China in 2000-2007 by value, USD billion
Table VIII-3.1 Discharged volume of waste gas in China, 2001-2007, million tonnes
Table VIII-4.1 Concentration of 2 types of organochlorine pesticides in Ningbo City in 1994, by different kinds of soil, mg/kg
Table VIII-4.2 Concentration of 2 types of organochlorine pesticides in Ningbo City in 1994, by different kinds of agricultural products, mg/kg
Table IX-2.2.1 Assumptions of the Future GDP Growth in China
Table IX-2.2.2 Trends influencing pesticide development
Table IX-2.2.3 Historical growth rate of pesticide output, 2005-2007
Table IX-3.1.1 Major factors which impact on the developments of crop protection technology
Table IX-3.2.1 Evaluated progress in crop protection technologies in the next 5 years
Table IX-5.1.1 Major factors impacting on the development of diseases and insect pests
Table IX-6.1.1 Major factors which impact on the developments of regulations and policies
Table X-1.1.1 Sale volume and profit of Biocentury Trangene in 2006 and 2007 (USD million)
Table X-1.4.1 The total revenues for each of the seed varieties (USD)
Table X-2.2.1 Capacity expansion of major products in Jiangsu Yangnong
Table X-2.2.2 Capacity and output of glyphosate technical in Jiangsu Yangnong
Table X-2.3.1 Profit situation of glyphosate in Jiangsu Nantong (USD)
Table X-2.3.3 Specification of glyphosate produced by Nantong Jiangshan
Table X-2.3.4 Price of glyphosate in Nantong Jiangshan
Table X-2.4.1 Major subordinate companies of Zhejiang Xin’an
Table X-2.4.2 Staff structure of Zhejiang Xin’an in the past years
Table X-2.4.3 Revenues from organosilicon, pesticides and other products of Zhejiang Xin’an, 2000-2007 (USD million)
Table X-2.4.4 Revenue Percentage from organosilicon, pesticides and other products of Zhejiang Xin’an, 2000-2007
Table X-2.4.5 List of patents of Zhejiang Xin’an
Table X-2.4.6 Technological achievement & awards in Zhejiang Xin’an
Table X-2.4.7 Standard of glyphosate technical in Zhejiang Xin’an
Table X-2.4.8 Capacity of glyphosate in Zhejiang Xin’an in recent years
Table X-2.4.9 Income, cost and profit situation of glyphosate in recent years (USD)
Table X-2.7.1 Gross profit margin of pesticides, chemicals and others in Hubei Sanonda, 2005~2007
Table X-2.8.1 Capacity and output of glyphosate technical in Shandong Qiaochang
Table X-2.12.1 Capacity and output of glyphosate technical in Shandong Binnong
Table X-2.14.1 Capacity and output of glyphosate technical in Jiangsu Kuaida
Table X-2.16.1 Capacity and output of glyphosate technical in Jiangsu Fengshan
Table X-2.17.1 Sales situation of major products in Anhui Huaxing in 2004 (USD)
Table X-2.17.2 Capacity expansion of major products in Anhui Huaxing in recent years
Table X-2.17.3 Projects under construction in Anhui Huaxing, 2008
Table X-2.17.4 Capacity and output of glyphosate technical in Anhui Huaxing
Table X-2.17.5 Sales income and profit margin of glyphosate in Anhui Huaxing, 2005~2007
Table X-2.20.1 Product structure of Jiangsu Tenglong
Table X-2.20.2 Capacity and output of glyphosate technical in Jiangsu Tenglong

Figure II.1 Planting area of different crops in China, 2000-2006, (103 hectares)
Figure II.2 Planting structure of crops in China in 2006
Figure II-1.1 Structure of traditional crops planting in China in 2006
Figure II-1.1.1 Planting areas of three main cereal crops (103 hectares)
Figure II-1.1.2 Output of three main cereal crops (103 hectares)
Figure II-1.1.3 Unit yield of cereal crops (kg/hectare)
Figure II-1.1.4 Distribution of rice planting in China in 2006
Figure II-1.1.5 Distribution of corn planting in China in 2006
Figure II-1.1.6 Composition of consumption of grain in China (million tonnes)
Figure II-1.1.7 Import and export of rice in China (103 tonnes)
Figure II-1.1.8 Import and export of corn in China (103 tonnes)
Figure II-1.1.9 Import and export of wheat in China (103 tonnes)
Figure II-1.1.10 Purchase price of three main cereal crops in China (USD/t)
Figure II-1.1.11 Price Index of main cereal crops in China in 2006-2008
Figure II-1.1.12 The measures adopted to protect cereal crops
Figure II-1.2.1 Planting areas of soybean, rapeseed and peanut in China, from 1997 to 2007 (103 hectares)
Figure II-1.2.2 Output of two main oil-bearing crops in China (103 hectares)
Figure II-1.2.3 Output, import and consumption of soybean in China, 2000-2007 (103 tonnes)
Figure II-1.2.4 Output, import and export of vegetable oil in China, 1997-2007 (103 tonnes)
Figure II-1.2.5 Price index of soybean and oil-bearing crops in China
Figure II-1.3.1 Distribution of sugarcane planting areas in China in 2006, by province
Figure II-1.3.2 Planting areas of sugarcane and beet in China, 1997-2007(103 hectares)
Figure II-1.3.3 Output of sugar crops in China (103 tonnes; kg/hectare)
Figure II-1.3.4 Output, import and export of sugar in China,1997-2007 (103 tonnes)
Figure II-1.3.5 Price index of sugar crops in China, 2002-2008
Figure II-1.4.1 Output and planting area of cotton in China (103 hectares; kg/hectare)
Figure II-1.4.2 Distribution of cotton planting area in China in 2006
Figure II-1.4.3 Output and import of cotton in China, 1997-2007 (103 tonnes)
Figure II-1.4.4 Price index of cotton in China, 1997-2006
Figure II-1.4.5 Price index of cotton in China from Q1of 2007-Q2 of 2008
Figure II-2.1 Planting areas of vegetable and fruit in China, 2000-2007 (103 hectares)
Figure II-2.2 Outputs of vegetable and fruit in China (melon fruit excluded), 2002-2006 (103 tonnes)
Figure II-2.3 Distribution of fruits in China in 2006, by planting area (melon fruit excluded)
Figure II-3.1 Composition of trees in China, by varieties
Figure II-3.2 Composition of output value of forestry in China in 2007
Figure II-4.1 Planting area of Bt cotton in China, 1996-2007 (million hectares)
Figure II-4.2 Distribution of Bt cotton in China in 2006, by planting area
Figure II-4.3 Localization rate of Bt cotton in China, 1998-2007
Figure II-4.4 Distribution of soybean imported in 2007, by region
Figure III-1.1 Product structure of pesticides in China, 1998-2007
Figure III-1.2 Product structure of pesticides in China in 2007
Figure III-1.3 Growth of pesticide output in China, 1986-2007(103 tonnes)
Figure III-1.4 Regional distribution of pesticide production in Mainland China in 2007, by output
Figure III-1.5 Pesticide apparent consumption in China, 1997-2007 (103 tonnes, converted to 100% technical)
Figure III-1.6 Consumption situation of pesticides in China frm 2004 to 2007, by volume (tonnes)
Figure III-1.7 Consumption of pesticide in 2007, breakdown by major crops
Figure III-1.8 Export volume and export proportion of pesticides in China, from 1998 to 2007 (tonnes)
Figure III-1.9 Export price of pesticides from 2002-2007, by category (USD/t)
Figure III-2.1.1 Consumption pattern of main insecticides in China in 2007
Figure III-2.1.2 Consumption pattern of insecticide by crops in China in 2007
Figure III-2.2.1 Consumption pattern of herbicides in China in 2007
Figure III-2.3.1 Consumption pattern of fungicides in China in 2007
Figure III-3.1 Distribution channels of pesticides in China -1
Figure III-3.2 Distribution channels of pesticides in China -2
Figure IV-1.1.1 RS Technologies used in monitoring and forecasting insect pests and diseases in crops
Figure IV-6.1.1 Proportion of different pests intercepted by import quarantining in 2006
Figure V.1 Peasants’ views on purchasing the crop protection products
Figure V.2 Peasants’ views on factor for choosing the crop protection products, rating
Figure V.3 Population structure in China, 1998-2007
Figure V-1.1 Population of rural migrant workers in 2001-2007
Figure V-1.2 Proportion of people in rural migrant workers in 2006, by sex
Figure V-1.3 Proportion of people in rural migrant workers in 2006, by age
Figure V-2.1 Consumption volume of pesticides in China, 2004-2007
Figure V-3.1 Educational background of peasant in 1998-2007, by the proportion to the total peasant’s population
Figure V-4.1 Per capita net income of urban and rural people, 1998-2007
Figure V-4.2 Agricultural allowance in 2004-2007
Figure VI-1.1.1 Total stricken area of major diseases in traditional crops in 2003-2007
Figure VI-1.1.2 Proportion of the rice area hit by major diseases in 2003-2007
Figure VI-1.1.3 Proportion of the wheat area hit by major diseases, 2003-2007
Figure VI-1.1.4 Total stricken area of major diseases in forestry in 2002-2007
Figure VI-1.2.1 Total stricken area of omnivorous insect pests in 2003-2007
Figure VI-1.2.2 Total stricken area of major insect pests in traditional crops in 2002-2007
Figure VI-1.2.3 Proportion of the area hit by major insect pests in rice, 2002-2007
Figure VI-1.2.4 Proportion of the stricken area of major insect pests in wheat in 2002-2007
Figure VI-1.2.5 Proportion of the stricken area of major insect pests in cotton, 2002-2007
Figure VI-1.2.6 Proportion of the stricken area of major insect pests in vegetable in 2006-2007
Figure VI-1.2.7 Proportion of the stricken area of major insect pests in apple, 2006-2007
Figure VI-1.2.8 Proportion of the stricken area of major insect pests in orange in 2006-2007
Figure VI-1.2.9 Total stricken area of major insect pests in forestry in 2002-2007
Figure VI-1.2.10 Proportion of the stricken area of major insect pests in forestry, 2002-2007
Figure VIII-4.1 Proportion of different kinds of pesticide poisoning accidents, by pesticide category
Figure VIII-4.2 Proportion of different kinds of pesticide poisoning accidents, by way
Figure VIII-4.3 Proportion of different kinds of pesticide poisoning accidents, by reason
Figure IX-1.1.1 Indices of producers’ price for farm products of fertilizer and pesticide in China
Figure IX-1.1.2 Population engaged in agriculture in China
Figure IX-1.1.3 Area of cultivated land in China, 1997~2007
Figure IX-1.2.1 Occurrence rate of some main diseases in the four crops in China
Figure IX-1.2.2 Occurrence rate of some main insect pests in the four crops in China
Figure IX-1.3.1 Forecast on planting area of grain crops in China, 2008-2013
Figure IX-1.3.2 Forecast on planting area of three cereal crops in China, 2008-2013
Figure IX-1.3.3 Forecast on output of three cereal crops in China, 2008-2013
Figure IX-1.4.1 Forecast on planting area of soybean, rapeseed and peanut in China, 2008-2013
Figure IX-1.4.2 Forecast on output of soybean, rapeseed and peanut in China, 2008-2013
Figure IX-1.5.1 Forecast on planting area of cotton in China, 2008-2013
Figure IX-1.5.2 Forecast on the planting area of Bt cotton in China, 2008-2013
Figure IX-1.5.3 Forecast on cotton output in China, 2008-2013
Figure IX-1.6.1 Forecast on planting area of vegetable and orchard in China, 2008~2013
Figure IX-2.1.1 Income growth of Chinese peasants, 2003-2007
Figure IX-2.1.2 Number of people engaged in agriculture
Figure IX-2.1.3 Government’s investment in agriculture 2003-2007
Figure IX-2.2.1 China’s GDP growth in 2003-2007, USD billion
Figure IX-2.2.2 Projection on output of pesticide, 2008-2013
Figure IX-2.2.3 Projection on demand of pesticide, 2008-2013
Figure IX-4.1.1 Population of peasant engaged in agriculture, 2003-2007
Figure IX-4.1.2 Government’s investment in agriculture, 2003-2007
Figure IX-4.2.1 Population of rural migrant workers, 2008-2013
Figure IX-5.2.1 Forecast on total stricken area of major diseases in traditional crops, 2008-2013
Figure IX-5.2.2 Forecast on total stricken area of major insect pests in traditional crops, 2008-2013
Figure IX-5.2.3 Forecast on total stricken area of major insect pests and diseases in forest, 2008-2013
Figure IX-5.2.4 Forecast on total stricken area of major insect pests in horticulture, 2008-2013
Figure IX-5.2.5 Forecast on total stricken area of major diseases in horticulture, 2008-2013
Figure X-2.2.1 Revenue streams of Jiangsu Yangnong, USD million
Figure X-2.3.1 Gross profits of pesticides, chemicals, resins and other products of Nantong Jiangshan, from 2005~2007, USD million
Figure X-2.4.1 Gross profits from organosilicon, pesticides and other products in Zhejiang Xin’an, 2005~2007, USD million
Figure X-2.7.1 Revenues of Hubei Sanonda breakdown by pesticides, chemicals and others, 2005~2007, USD million
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