1. Introduction 7
1.1 Statement of Report 7
1.2 Objectives and Goals of Study 7
1.3 Methodology 7
1.4 Information Sources 7
1.5 Executive Summary 8
1.5.1 Market Drivers 8
1.5.2 Market Restraints 8
1.5.3 Market Size and Growth Projections 8
1.6 What is a Gene? 9
1.7 Gene Expression 10
1.8 Genetic Variability 10
1.9 Sequence Variability 10
1.10 Expression Variability 10
1.11 Opportunities Arising from Genetic Variability 11
1.12 The Human Genome Project (HGP) 11
1.13 Gene Databases 12
1.14 Resequencing 13
1.14.1 Frozen in Time 13
1.14.2 A Stepwise Approach 14
1.15 The Role of RNAi in Drug Target Validation 15
1.16 DNA Tags 16
2. Genomics Technology and Industry 17
2.1 The Biotechnology Industry 17
2.2 The Development of a Genomics Market 19
2.2.1 Market Size and Growth Projections 19
2.2.2 The U.S. Genomics Market 19
2.3 Biochips 19
2.4 Bioinformatics 21
2.5 Disease Targets 22
2.6 Functional Genomics 23
2.7 Gene Sequencing 29
2.7.1 Gene Sequence Variation Detection 29
2.8 Comparative Genomics 31
2.9 Genome Database Arrays 31
2.10 High-Throughput Genomics 32
2.11 Lab-on-a-Chip 32
2.11.1 Features of LabChip Systems 33
2.11.2 Key Benefits of LabChip Systems 33
2.12 High-Throughput Instrumentation 34
2.12.1 Automated DNA Sequencing 34
2.12.2 Application of High-Throughput DNA Sequencing to SAGE Analysis 34
2.12.3 RNA Expression Profiling Using DNA Microarrays 34
2.13 Pharmacogenomics 35
2.14 Probe Array 36
2.14.1 Gene Expression Monitoring Arrays 36
2.14.2 DNA Analysis Arrays 38
2.15 Proteomics 41
2.16 Sequencing 41
2.17 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) 42
2.18 Structural Genomics 43
2.19 Photolithography 43
2.20 Instrumentation 44
3. How Genomics Is Revolutionizing Healthcare 46
3.1 Pharmaceutical Applications 46
3.1.1 Drug Discovery and Development 46
3.2 Diagnostics 48
3.2.1 Genome Screening by Comparative Genomic Hybridization 48
3.2.2 MicroChip Technology and Diagnostics 49
3.3 Toxicogenomics 50
3.4 The Market for DNA Microarrays 50
3.5 DNA Chip Technology Competition 51
3.6 Expression Profiling 52
3.7 Gene Sequencing 52
3.7.1 Advantages of Chip Array Technology 52
3.8 Applied Markets for Genomics 53
3.9 Genomics and Big Pharma 53
3.10 The SNP Consortium 54
3.11 Genomics Companies and Biopharmaceutical Companies 55
3.12 Cancer Markets 56
3.13 Agricultural Markets 57
3.13.1 Plant Genetics 58
3.13.2 Food Processing 59
3.13.3 Animal Husbandry 59
4. Proprietary Applications and Patents 62
4.1 What is Patentable? 62
4.2 Patents and Litigation 64
5. Business Analysis 67
5.1 Facilitate and Capitalize on the Convergence of Gene Expression Analysis and Proteomics 67
5.2 Competition 67
5.3 Market Opportunities for Functional Genomics 67
5.4 The Genomics Industry is Highly Competitive 71
5.5 The Overview for Drug Makers 72
5.6 First-Generation Biotech 72
5.7 The Second-Generation Genomics Companies 72
5.8 Strategic Alliances 73
5.9 Genomic Business Acquisitions, Mergers and Partnering 75
6. Genomics Company Profiles 76
6.1 ACLARA BioSciences, Inc. 76
6.1.1 Business Strategy 77
6.2 Affymetrix, Inc. 78
6.2.1 Business Strategy 80
6.2.2 Gene Expression Monitoring 80
6.2.3 Collaborative Partners 84
6.2.4 Gene Expression Monitoring Collaborations 84
6.2.5 DNA Analysis Collaborations 85
6.2.6 Molecular Diagnostics Collaborations 86
6.2.7 Other Collaborations 87
6.2.8 Technology Licensees 88
6.3 Agilent Technologies, Inc. 88
6.4 Applied Biosystems Group 89
6.5 Bayer, AG 90
6.6 Clinical Micro Sensors 92
6.7 Celera Genomics 92
6.8 CuraGen Corporation 94
6.8.1 Business Strategy 94
6.8.2 Discovery 95
6.8.3 Preclinical 95
6.8.4 Clinical 95
6.8.5 Strategic Alliances 96
6.9 Diversa Corporation, Inc. 97
6.10 Gene Logic, Inc. 98
6.11 GE Healthcare 99
6.12 Illumina, Inc. 100
6.12.1 Alliances 100
6.12.2 Life Science Alliances 100
6.13 Luminex Corporation 100
6.13.1 Instruments 100
6.13.2 Consumables 101
6.14 Nanogen, Inc. 101
6.14.1 Business Overview 102
6.15 Orchid Biosciences, Inc. 104
6.15.1 Products 104
6.15.2 Services 104
6.16 Sequenom, Inc. 105
6.17 Research Genetics 109
6.18 Caliper LifeSciences 109
6.18.1 Business Overview 109
6.18.2 Corporate Strategy 110
6.18.3 Leading Products 110
6.19 Genentech, Inc./Genomic Solutions, Inc. 110
6.19.1 Business Overview 110
6.19.2 Product Information 110
6.19.3 Corporate Strategy 111
6.19.4 Leading Products 111
6.20 Harvard Bioscience, Inc. 111
6.21 Human Genome Sciences, Inc. 113
6.21.1 Business Overview 113
6.21.2 Corporate Strategy 113
6.21.3 Leading Products 113
6.22 Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 115
6.22.1 Business Overview 115
6.22.2 Leading Products 116
6.23 Myriad Genetics, Inc. 116
6.23.1 Business Overview 116
6.23.2 Corporate Strategy 117
6.23.3 Leading Product Candidates 117
6.24 Nanogen, Inc. 117
6.24.1 Business Overview 117
6.24.2 Leading Product Candidates 118
6.25 PerkinElmer, Inc. 118
6.25.1 Business Overview 118
6.25.2 Leading Products 119
6.26 Brief Profiles of Other Selected Genomics Firms 120
6.26.1 Aber Genomic Computing 120
6.26.2 deCODE Genetics, Inc. 120
6.26.3 Molecular Devices Corporation 122
6.26.4 Spotfire, Inc. 122
6.26.5 454 Life Sciences 123
7. Genomics Challenges and Growth Factors 124
7.1 Market Drivers 124
7.1.1 Product Pipeline: Need for More Drug Candidates 124
7.1.2 Need for Increased Research and Development Productivity 124
7.2 Genomics Market Bottlenecks 124
7.2.1 Cost Constraints 124
7.2.2 Technical Hurdles 124
7.3 Strategic Recommendations 125
7.3.1 Market Opportunities 125
7.4 Key Trends of Recent Mergers and Acquisition Deals 129
7.5 Chemogenomics 129
7.6 Pharmacogenomics 129
7.7 Biomarkers 130
7.8 Additional Genomics Market Opportunities 131
8. Bioinformatics 135
8.1 Types of Data and Bioinformatics Applications 135
8.1.1 Validated Core Modeling Technology 136
8.1.2 Broad Applicability 136
8.1.3 Data Management Compliant with Industry Standards 136
8.1.4 Open Architecture 136
8.1.5 Ease of Use 137
8.1.6 Increased Access 137
8.2 Functions of Informatics Software 137
8.2.1 Data Management 137
8.2.2 Transform Data into Knowledge 137
8.2.3 Collaboration Among Researchers 138
8.2.4 Interface for Online Data Sources 138
8.3 Target Markets for Informatics Software 138
8.3.1 Pharmaceutical Companies 138
8.3.2 Biotechnology Companies 138
8.3.3 Academic and Government Research Institutions 138
8.3.4 Agricultural, Environmental and Industrial Biotechnology Companies 138
8.4 Products of Bioinformatics 138
8.4.1 Sequences and Structure of Genes and Proteins 139
8.4.2 3-D Molecular Structures 139
8.4.3 Genome Structures and Functions 139
8.4.4 Bibliographic Data 139
8.5 Bioinformatics Processes 139
8.6 Informatics Tools and Functionalities 140
8.6.1 Sequence to Structure 140
8.6.2 Lead Identification and Optimization 140
8.6.3 Development and Formulation 141
8.6.4 Improving Materials and Processes in the Chemicals Industry 141
8.6.5 Other Materials-Based Industries 142
8.7 Role of Bioinformatics in the Value Chain 142
8.8 Bioinformatics Market Segments 143
8.8.1 Database 143
8.8.2 Hardware 143
8.8.3 Software 143
8.8.4 Bioinformatics Services 143
8.9 Bioinformatics Business Models 144
8.9.1 Changing Business Models 145
8.9.2 Selected Business Strategies 146
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