Markets for Zinc Oxide in Electronics

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is emerging as a material of interest for a variety of electronic applications. It can be used in a large number of areas and unlike many of the materials with which it competes ZnO is inexpensive, relatively abundant, chemically stable, easy to prepare, and non-toxic. Most of the doping materials that are used with ZnO are also readily available.

At present, the most widely publicized application for ZnO is as an ITO replacement for displays and photovoltaic panels, where ZnO could lower costs of transparent conductors. But new applications for ZnO are much broader than that. ZnO is not just a conductor, but can be used as a semiconductor capable of making inexpensive transistors for disposable electronics or even low-cost LEDs. ZnO may also find applications in thin-film batteries and ZnO's ability to be engineered into interesting nanostructures hint at new applications down the road. ZnO is already being tapped in spintronics.

There remain technical difficulties that still need to be worked out if ZnO is to achieve its full potential. One important one is that there is as yet, no p-type ZnO semiconductor. Yet the number of patent filings of ZnO uses in electronics continues to grow and NanoMarkets believes that ZnO will represent a substantial market as an electronic material over the next eight years. With this in mind, NanoMarkets is publishing a new report which identifies and quantifies the opportunities for ZnO in the electronics sector.
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E.1 Opportunities for ZnO in the Electronics Sector
E.1.1 ZnO Means New Opportunities for Device Makers
E.1.2 Whats So Great About ZnO?
E.1.3 Display-Related Applications for ZnO
E.1.4 Transparent Electronics: Who Really Needs It?
E.1.5 Lighting-Related Applications for ZnO
E.1.6 PV-Related Applications for ZnO
E.1.7 Sensor-Related Applications for ZnO
E.2 Implications for Deposition, Patterning and Printing Equipment Companies
E.2.1 Thin-Film ZnO Manufacturing
E.2.2 Single-Crystal ZnO Manufacturing
E.3 Firms to Watch
E.3.1 ZnO Thin-Film Companies
E.3.2 ZnO Single-Crystal Companies
E.3.3 Device Firms
E.4 Summary of Eight-Year Market Forecasts
Chapter One: Introduction

1.1 Background to this Report
1.1.1 Towards ZnO Electronics
1.1.2 Why ZnO Electronics May be Commercialized Quickly
1.1.3 ZnO, Nanotechnology, Economics and the Way Forward
1.2 Objective and Scope of this Report
1.3 Methodology of this Report
1.4 Plan of this Report
Chapter Two: ZnO in Electronics-A Technology Appraisal

2.1 Introduction: Overview of the ZnO Business
2.2 ZnO: Primary Production Processes
2.3 ZnO Intermediary Products
2.3.1 ZnO Bulk Coatings
2.3.2 ZnO Thin Films
2.3.3 Single Crystalline ZnO
2.4 ZnO Devices
2.4.1 Varistors
2.4.2 Power Diodes
2.4.3 SAW Filters
2.4.4 ZnO TFTs
2.4.5 Light-Emitting Diodes
2.4.6 Sensors and Detectors
2.5 Dopants and ZnO
2.5.1 n-Type Dopants
2.5.2 p-Type Dopants
2.6 More on ZnO Nanostructures
2.7 ZnO and Spintronics
2.8 Key Points Made in this Chapter
Chapter Three: Markets for ZnO in the Electronics Sector

3.1.1 Note on ZnO as an Extreme Material: High-Temperature, Radiation Resilience and the Power Electronics Market
3.2 Established Market: Coatings
3.2.1 ZnO in Antistatic Coatings
3.2.2 ZnO in EMI/RFI Coatings
3.2.3 ZnO in UV Filters and Optical Coatings
3.3 Established Market: Varistors
3.4 Displays: Old and New Markets for ZnO
3.4.1 Phosphors and Displays
3.4.2 OLED Displays
3.4.3 E-Paper, Flexible Displays and Touch-Screen Displays
3.4.4 ZnO and Transparent Electronics
3.4.5 ZnO TFTs and Nanotechnology
3.5 ZnO in LEDs, Lighting and Lasers
2.5.1 University of California at San Diego
2.5.2 Georgia Tech/Cermet
2.5.3 ZnO and UV LEDs
3.6 Photovoltaics
3.6.1 ZnO in a-Si PV
3.6.2 ZnO in CIGS PV
3.6.3 ZnO in Organic PV
3.7 Sensors
3.7.1 UV Detectors
3.7.2 Gas Sensors
3.7.3 Biosensors
3.7.4 Other ZnO Sensors
3.8 Parting Thoughts on Applications
3.8.1 Ferromagnetic Materials
3.8.2 Batteries and Fuel Cells
3.9 Key Points Made in this Chapter
Chapter Four: Eight-Year Forecasts of ZnO Electronics Markets

4.1 Forecasting Methodology
4.1.1 Economic and Technological Assumptions
4.2 Eight-Year Forecast by Application
4.2.1 Forecasts of ZnO-based Conductive Coatings
4.2.2 Forecast of ZnO in PV Electrodes
4.2.3 Forecast of ZnO as ITO Replacement
4.2.4 Forecast of ZnO in Varistors and Power Electronics
4.2.5 Forecast of ZnO Transistor Markets
4.2.6 Forecast of ZnO Lighting and UV Source Markets
4.2.7 Forecast of ZnO Sensors
4.3 Eight-Year Summary of ZnO Electronics by Application and Materials Functionality
4.4 Eight-Year Forecast by Functionality
Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in this Report
About the Author
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Exhibit E-1 ZnO: Incentives for New Wave of Commercialization and Possible Revenue Sources
Exhibit E-2 Council to Promote Commercialization of Zinc Oxide Film
Exhibit E-3 ZnO Markets in Electronics ($ Millions)
Exhibit 2-1 Seven Manufacturing Approaches for ZnO Thin Films
Exhibit 3-1 Selected Applications of ZnO in Electronics and Optoelectronics
Exhibit 3-2 Resistivity Requirements of Display Application for TCOs
Exhibit 4-1 Zinc Oxide's Share of Selected Electronic Coatings Markets
Exhibit 4-2 ZnO Markets in Electronics: Electronic Coatings
Exhibit 4-3 ZnO Markets in Electronics: ZnO Electrodes
Exhibit 4-4 ZnO Markets in Electronics: ZnO as an ITO Substitute in Displays and Lighting
Exhibit 4-5 ZnO Markets in Electronics: ZnO in Varistors and Power Electronics
Exhibit 4-6 ZnO Markets in Electronics: Transistor-Related Applications
Exhibit 4-7 ZnO Markets in Electronics: Lighting Applications
Exhibit 4-8 ZnO Markets in Electronics: Sensor Applications ($ Millions)
Exhibit 4-9 ZnO Markets in Electronics: Summary of Applications ($ Millions)
Exhibit 4-10 ZnO Markets in Electronics: Summary by ZnO Material Functionality
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