Stem Cell Markets

A stem cell is an extraordinary type of cell that has the ability to self-renew for long periods of time and to differentiate into specialized cells under appropriate physiological or experimental conditions. Traditionally, stem cells have been classified as either embryonic, adult (tissue-specific or cord blood) stem cells. Recent understanding of stem cell biology may provide new approaches for the treatment of a number of diseases as well as tissue/organ injuries, including cardiovascular disease, neurological disease, musculoskeletal disease, diabetes and hematopoietic disorders. Stem cell fate is determined by both intrinsic regulators and the extra-cellular environment (niche), and their expansion and differentiation ex vivo are generally controlled by growing them in a specific configuration (monolayer or three-dimensional culture). This process, which is vital to enable stem cells to be used for therapeutic purposes, is called differentiation. Differentiation is a process involving unspecialized cells progressing to become specialized cells with restricted developmental potential. The purpose of this TriMark Publications report is to describe the specific market segments of the medical research space using stem cells for research and development (R&D) purposes. This study reviews all of the generally accepted analytical methods that are currently in use today for preparing and using stem cells. It examines the use of stem cells in developing new therapies for disease.
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1. Overview 16
1.1 Statement of Report 16
1.2 Scope of the Report 17
1.3 Methodology 17
1.4 Executive Summary 18
1.4.1 Toxicity Screening for Drug Discovery and Development 19
1.4.2 Autologous Cell Therapy 19
1.4.2.1 Current Range of Applications for Autologous Cell Therapy (ACT) 19
1.4.2.2 Commercially Available Autologous Treatments 19
1.4.2.3 Autologous Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases 20
1.4.2.4 Autologous Cell Therapy and Wound Healing 20
1.4.2.5 Autologous Cell Therapy and Cosmetic Surgery 20
1.4.3 Allogeneic Cell Therapy 20
1.4.3.1 Allogeneic First Generation (Non-Stem Cell) Products 20
1.4.3.2 Second Generation (Stem Cell-Based) Products 20
1.4.3.3 Secondary Products 21
1.4.4 Three Basic Types of Allogeneic Stem Cell Products 21
1.4.4.1 Hematopoietic Stem Cells 21
1.4.4.2 Neural Stem Cells 21
1.4.4.3 Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Pancreatic Islet Stem Cells 21
1.5 Current State of Stem Cell Market 21

2. Biology of Stem Cells 23
2.1 Scope of this Chapter 23
2.2 Basic Properties of Stem Cells 23
2.3 Classification of Stem Cells, Stem Cell Lineages and their Derivation 24
2.3.1 Embryonic Stem Cells 24
2.3.1.1 Embryonic Germ Cells 25
2.3.1.1 Fetal Stem Cells 25
2.3.1.2 Umbilical Cord Stem Cells 25
2.3.2 Adult Stem Cells 26
2.3.2.1 Hematopoietic Stem Cells (Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood) 26
2.3.2.2 Mesenchymal Stem Cells (Bone Marrow Stroma) 26
2.3.2.3 Gut Stem Cells 27
2.3.2.4 Liver Stem Cells 27
2.3.2.5 Bone and Cartilage Stem Cells 27
2.3.2.6 Epidermal Stem Cells (Skin and Hair) 27
2.3.2.7 Neuronal Stem Cells 28
2.3.2.8 Pancreatic Stem Cells 28
2.3.2.9 Eye Stem Cells 28
2.4 Stem Cell Lineage 29
2.5 Stem Cell Derivations 29
2.6 Sources of Stem Cells 30
2.7 Differentiation of Stem Cells 30
2.8 Self-Renewal of Stem Cells 31
2.9 Dedifferentiation of Cells 32
2.10 Nuclear Reprogramming of Stem Cells 32

3. Stem Cell Therapy 33
3.1 Scope of this Chapter 33
3.2 Diseases with Unmet Clinical Need: Primary Driver of Stem Cell Therapy Market 33
3.3 Leading Healthcare Segments Offering Scope for Easy Entry into Stem Cell Market 34
3.3.1 Stem Cell Therapy in Orthopedics 34
3.3.1.1 Stem Cells for the Repair of Tendons, Cartilages and Bone 35
3.3.2 Stem Cell Therapy for Cardiac Diseases 35
3.3.3 Stem Cell Therapy for Wound Healing 37
3.3.4 Stem Cell Therapy for Diabetes 38
3.3.5 Stem Cell Therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases 38
3.3.5.1 Clinical Activity for Cell Therapy into CNS 41
3.3.6 Stem Cell Retinal Replacement Therapy 42
3.3.7 Stem Cell Therapy for Liver Diseases 42
3.3.7.1 Hepatocyte-like Cells for Liver Disease 42
3.3.7.2 Cell Therapy for Liver Cirrhosis 42
3.3.8 Cell Therapy for Peripheral Vascular Diseases 42
3.3.9 Cell Therapy for Blood Disorders 43
3.3.10 Biomaterials and Stem Cell Therapy 44
3.3.11 Stem Cell Application in Drug Discovery 45
3.4 Stem Cell Products in Development 46
3.5 Stem Cell and Related Products in the Global Market 46
3.5.1 Medtronic™s Infuse Bone Graft and the LT-Cage Device 47
3.5.2 GenZyme™s Carticel™ 47
3.5.3 Stryker™s OP-1 49
3.5.4 Osyris/Nuvasive™s Osteocel™ 49
3.5.5 RTI™s Spinal Implants 49
3.5.6 Organogenesis™ Apligraf™ 50
3.5.7 Advanced Biohealing™s Dermagraft 50
3.5.8 Integra™s Bilayer Matrix Wound Dressing 50
3.5.9 LifeCell™s AlloDerm™ 51
3.5.10 Gytori™s Celution™ 51
3.6 Other Products of Importance in the Global Market 51
3.6.1 Tissue-Engineered Wound Healing Products 51
3.6.1.1 Oasis™ 52
3.6.1.2 Permacol™ 52
3.6.1.3 EZ-Derm™ 53
3.6.1.4 Matriderm™ 53
3.6.1.5 Alloderm™ 53
3.6.1.6 TransCyte™ 54
3.6.1.7 ICX-SKN™ 54
3.6.1.8 OrCel™ 54
3.6.1.9 Epicel™ 55
3.6.1.10 Myskin™ 55
3.6.1.11 EpiDex™ 55
3.6.1.12 Genzyme™s MACI™ Implant 55
3.6.1.13 Genzyme™s Epicel™ 56
3.6.1.14 ICX-TRC™Hair Regeneration Therapy 56
3.6.1.15 VCT01™ 56
3.6.2 Cartilage Regeneration 56
3.6.2.1 ChondroCelect/TGX001 56
3.6.2.2 TGX002 56
3.6.2.3 TGX003 56
3.6.2.4 NOVOCART™ 57
3.6.3 BioTissue Technologies™ Products 57
3.6.3.1 BioSeed™-S 57
3.6.3.2 MelanoSeed 57
3.6.3.3 Oral Mucosa BioSeed™-M 58
3.6.3.4 BioSeed™-Oral Bone 58
3.6.3.5 BioSeed™-C 58
3.6.4 co.don™™s Autologous Cell Transplant Products 58
3.6.5 Fidia Advanced Biopolymers™ Regenerative Medicine Products 59
3.6.5.1 Hyalograft 3D™ 59
3.6.5.2 Laserskin™ 59
3.6.5.3 TISSUEtech autograft system™ 59
3.6.5.4 Hyalograft™ C 59
3.6.6 Genzyme Biosurgery™s Tissue Engineering Products 59
3.6.6.1 Carticel™ 59
3.6.6.2 Epicel™ 60
3.6.7 Interface Biotech AS™ Tissue Engineered Products 60
3.6.7.1 Cartilink™-1 60
3.6.7.2 Cartilink™-2 60
3.6.8 Isotis S.A™s Tissue Engineered Products 60
3.6.8.1 OsSatura™ 60
3.6.8.2 EpiDex 61
3.6.8.3 AcuDress 61
3.6.9 Karocell Tissue Engineering AB™s Tissue-Engineered Products 61
3.6.9.1 Skin Cells 61
3.6.9.2 Cartilage Cells 61
3.6.9.3 Melanocytes 61
3.6.9.4 Urothelial Tissue 61
3.6.10 Smith & Nephew™s Tissue Engineering Products 62
3.6.10.1 TransCyte 62
3.6.10.2 Dermagraft 62
3.6.11 Tetec Tissue Engineering Technologies AG™s Tissue Engineered Product 62
3.6.11.1 Novacart™ 62
3.6.12 Verigen Transplantation Service International (VTSI)™s Tissue-Engineered Products 62
3.6.12.1 CACI 62
3.6.12.2 MACI™ 62
3.6.12.3 MACI™ (A) 63
3.6.13 XCELLentis™ Tissue-Engineered Products 63
3.6.13.1 Ceal Platform 63
3.6.13.2 LyphoDerm 63

4. Market Analysis of the Stem Cell Space 64
4.1 Scope of this Chapter 64
4.1.1 Various Market Segments in Stem Cell Space 64
4.1.2 Market for Cell Therapy in the U.S. 65
4.2 Market Segmentation by Source of Stem Cell Used 66
4.2.1 Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs) in Cell Therapy 66
4.2.1.1 Investing Companies in hESCs 67
4.2.1.2 Engineered Cartilage using hESCs 68
4.2.1.3 Lung Tissue Differentiated from hESCs 68
4.2.1.4 Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) 68
4.2.2 Neural Stem Cells 68
4.2.3 Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells 69
4.2.4 Cord Blood Stem Cells 69
4.2.5 Cancer Stem Cells 69
4.3 Cord Blood Banking Market 69
4.3.1 Cord Blood Stem Cell Applications 71
4.3.1.1 Repairing Blood Vessels Using Cord Blood Stem Cells 71
4.3.1.2 Cardiomyocetes and Cord Blood Stem Cells 71
4.3.1.3 Congenital Heart Defects and Cord Blood Stem Cells 72
4.3.1.4 Peripheral Vascular Disease and Cord Blood Stem Cells 72
4.3.2 Growth of Public and Private Cord Blood Banks 73
4.3.2.1 Public Cord Blood (CB) Banks 74
4.3.2.2 Private Cord Blood Banks 74
4.3.2.3 The Collection Process of Cord Blood Cells 75
4.4 Cell Culture Products 75
4.4.1 In Vitro Test Kits 77
4.4.2 Suppliers of Cells and Tissues 78
4.4.3 Suppliers of Culture Media and Cell Reagents 79
4.4.4 Equipments for Stem Cell Research 79
4.4.5 Computer Software for Stem Cell Research 81
4.5 Cell Therapy Market 82
4.5.1 The Size of the Cell Therapy Industry 82
4.5.2 The Age, Size and Location of Firms 83
4.5.3 Firm Technology and Disease Focus 86
4.5.4 Cell Therapy Products and Companies 86
4.5.5 Products on the Market 87
4.5.5.1 First Generation (Non-Stem Cell Based) Primary Products 87
4.5.5.2 Second Generation (Stem Cell Based) Primary Products 88
4.5.5.3 Secondary Products 89
4.5.5.4 Products in Development 89
4.5.5.5 The Disease Targets of Trials 90
4.5.5.6 Stem Cell Industry Pipeline 91
4.6 Industry Collaboration in Stem Cell Space 93
4.7 Increasing Commercial Success in Stem Cell Industry 93
4.8 Transition from Tissue Engineering to Regenerative Medicine 94
4.9 Challenges to Commercial Development of Cell Therapies 94
4.9.1 Problems of Commercial Viability and Sustainability 94
4.9.2 Poor Sales and Limited Prospects for Some Forms of Cell Therapy 95
4.9.3 Lack of Investment from Large Companies 95
4.9.4 Lack of Clinical Demand and Uptake 96
4.10 Partnership of Stem Cell Companies with Large Pharmaceutical Companies 96
4.10.1 Strategic Approaches for Cell-based Companies 96
4.10.2 The Need for Support from Large Pharmaceuticals 98

5. Strategic Roadmap to Cell Therapy Industry 99
5.1 Scope of this Chapter 99
5.2 Options for the Commercial Manufacturing of Stem Cell Products 99
5.3 Regulatory Requirements for a Cell Therapy Industry 99
5.4 In-House Manufacturing of Cell Therapy Products 99
5.5 Contract Manufacturing 100
5.6 Effective Clinical Delivery Plan for Cell Therapies 101
5.7 Business Models in Stem Cell Therapy Sector 101
5.8 Current Models for Autologous Cell Therapies 102
5.9 Current Models for Allogeneic Cell Therapies 103
5.10 Value Chain Considerations and Developmental Path 103
5.11 Stem Cells: From the Laboratory to the Market 104
5.11.1 Value Analysis 105
5.11.2 Clinical Study Development 106
5.11.3 Product Commercialization 106
5.11.4 Importance of Specialty Society Support 106
5.11.5 Payor Coverage 107

6. Funding for Regenerative Medicine Research 108
6.1 Scope of this Chapter 108
6.2 The Intense Competitive Pressure for Funding 108
6.3 History of Stem Cell Research, Tissue-Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 109
6.4 The Story of Federal Funding of Stem Cell Research 111
6.4.1 Policy Changes 112
6.4.2 Types of Research Ineligible for NIH Funding 112
6.4.3 NIH Guidelines Addressing the Projected Growth of Stem Cell-Related Clinical Trials 112
6.4.4 CIRM Funding for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine 113
6.5 The Strong Financial Case for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine 114
6.5.1 Regenerative Medicine Cost vs. Existing Treatments 115

7. Current Stem Cell Research 117
7.1 Scope of this Chapter 117
7.2 Stem Cell Policies in North America 117
7.3 Stem Cell Policies in South America 118
7.4 Stem Cell Policies in Europe 118
7.5 Stem Cell Policies in Asia/Oceania 119
7.6 California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) 120
7.6.1 CIRM Collaborative Funding 120
7.6.2 CIRM™s Funding for Clinical Applications 121
7.6.3 Early Translational Awards 121
7.6.4 Disease Team Awards 122
7.7 Stem Cell Research Programs in Connecticut Department of Public Health 122
7.7.1 Types of Awards by Connecticut Stem Cell Research Program, 2010 123
7.7.1.1 Seed Grant Awards 123
7.7.1.2 Established Investigator Awards 124
7.7.1.3 Group Project Awards 124
7.7.1.4 Core Facilities Awards 124
7.8 Maryland Technology Development Corporation (TEDCO) 124
7.8.1 TEDCO™s Programs: Funding Opportunities 124
7.8.1.1 Fort Detrick Technology Transfer Initiative (FDTTI) 124
7.8.1.2 J&J Investment Fund 124
7.8.1.3 NAVAIR Technology Insertion (NAVTI) Program 124
7.8.1.4 The TechStart Program 124
7.8.1.5 University Technology Development Fund (UTDF) 124
7.8.1.6 Working Capital Loan Fund 125
7.9 Maryland Technology Transfer and Commercialization Fund (MTTCF) 125
7.9.1 Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund 125
7.10 The New Jersey Commission on Science and Technology (NJCST) 125
7.10.1 Stem Cell Research in New Jersey 126
7.10.2 Stem Cell Research Grant Program 126
7.11 New York State Stem Cell Science (NYSTEM) 126
7.11.1 Investigator Initiated Research Projects and Innovative (IIRP), Developmental or Exploratory Activities (IDEA) in Stem Cell Research 127
7.11.2 Targeted RFA for Investigation of iPS and Other Derivation Approaches 128
7.11.3 Shared Facilities/Resources and Equipment/Instrumentation for Stem Cell Research 128
7.11.4 Consortia Planning Awards 128
7.11.5 Institutional Development 128
7.11.6 Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine 129
7.11.7 Funding 129

8. Company Profiles 130
8.1 Aastrom Biosciences, Inc. 130
8.1.1 Aastrom™s TRC Technology 130
8.1.2 Aastrom™s Patents 130
8.1.3 Aastrom™s Clinical Development Programs 132
8.2 Advanced Cell Technology, Inc. 132
8.2.1 ACT™s Human ES Cell Technologies 132
8.2.2 ACT™s Cellular Reprogramming 132
8.2.3 ACT™s Stem Cell Differentiation 133
8.2.4 ACT™s Adult Stem Cell Program 133
8.2.5 ACT™s Intellectual Property 133
8.3 Aldagen, Inc. 134
8.4 Asterand plc 134
8.4.1 Asterand™s Models and Methods to Improve Drug Discovery 134
8.4.2 Asterand™s Product Offerings 134
8.4.2.1 Asterand™s Frozen and Fixed Tissues 135
8.4.2.2 Asterand Cell Lines 135
8.5 Alseres Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 135
8.5.1 Alseres™ Product Pipeline 136
8.5.1.1 Cethrin™, a Rho Inhibitor 136
8.5.1.2 Inosine 137
8.5.1.3 Oncomodulin and ALSE-100 137
8.5.1.4 Altropane™ - PD 137
8.5.2 Alseres™ Science and Technology 138
8.5.2.1 Nerve Repair Pathways 138
8.5.2.2 The Pro-Regenerative Pathway 138
8.5.2.3 The Anti-Regenerative Pathway 138
8.5.2.4 Molecular Imaging 139
8.6 Amgen, Inc. 139
8.6.1 Amgen™s Clinical Developments 139
8.6.1.1 Amgen™s Clinical Developments in Osteoporosis 139
8.6.1.2 Amgen™s Clinical Developments in Oncology 139
8.6.2 Amgen™s Select Product Candidates 139
8.6.2.1 Amgen™s New Product Candidates 140
8.7 Amorcyte, Inc. 142
8.7.1 Amorcyte™s Technology 142
8.7.1.1 AMR-001: A Cell Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction 142
8.8 Angioblast Systems, Inc. 142
8.8.1 Angioblast™s Technology 143
8.8.1.1 Angioblast™s Allogenic Adult Stem Cells 143
8.8.1.2 Angioblast™s Protein Therapeutics 143
8.8.1.3 Angioblast™s Gene Silencing 144
8.9 Athersys, Inc. 144
8.9.1 Athersys™ Current Programs 144
8.9.2 Athersys™ Regenerative Medicine Programs 144
8.9.2.1 Multistem for Heart Attack 145
8.9.2.2 HSC Transplant Support in Hematologic Malignancy 145
8.9.2.3 Stroke 145
8.10 BeFutur Biotechnologies 145
8.10.1 BeFutur™s Serum Free Technology 146
8.10.2 BeFutur™s Stem Cells 146
8.11 BD Biosciences 146
8.12 BioE, Inc. 147
8.12.1 BioE™s Cell Technologies 147
8.12.1.1 Application of BioE's Multi-Lineage Progenitor Cell 147
8.12.1.2 Application of the MLPC in Regenerative Medicine 147
8.12.1.3 Application of PrepaCyte for Cord Blood 147
8.12.2 BioE™s Products 148
8.12.2.1 Multi-Lineage Progenitor Cell (MLPC™) 148
8.12.2.2 PrepaCyte™-CB 148
8.12.2.3 PrepaCyte™-WBC 148
8.12.2.4 ActiCyte™ 148
8.12.2.5 VitaLyse™ 148
8.13 Bioheart, Inc. 148
8.13.1 Bioheart™s Product Candidates 148
8.13.1.1 MyoCell™ 148
8.13.1.2 MyoCell SDF-1 149
8.13.1.3 The TGI 1200 Cell Isolation system 149
8.13.1.4 Bioheart 3370™ 149
8.13.1.5 MyoCath 149
8.14 BioMimetic Therapeutics, Inc. 150
8.14.1 BioMimetic™s Products 151
8.14.1.1 Augment™ Bone Graft 151
8.14.1.2 Augment™ Injectable Bone Graft 151
8.15 Biosafe Group SA 153
8.15.1 Biosafe™s Sepax System 153
8.15.2 Coolmix 154
8.15.3 SepaxNet 154
8.16 Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics, Inc. 154
8.16.1 BrainStorm Technology™NurOwn™ 154
8.17 Cardio3 BioSciences 154
8.17.1 C-Cure™ 155
8.17.2 Dopamine Transporter (DAT) 155
8.18 CaridianBCT 157
8.18.1 Caridian™s Products 157
8.18.1.1 Trima Accel™ Collection System 157
8.18.1.2 Spectra Optia™ Apheresis System 157
8.18.1.3 COBE™ Spectra Apheresis System 158
8.18.1.4 Elutra™ Cell Separation System 158
8.18.1.5 Atreus™ Whole Blood Processing System 158
8.18.1.6 OrbiSac™ System 159
8.18.1.7 COBE™ 2991 Cell Processor 159
8.19 Cellartis AG 159
8.19.1 Cellartis™ Products 160
8.19.1.1 Cardiomyocyte Monolayers 160
8.19.1.2 Cardiomyocyte Clusters 160
8.19.1.3 Hepatocyte-like Cells 160
8.19.1.4 Mesenchymal Progenitors 160
8.19.1.5 The hES Cell Lines 160
8.19.1.6 Monoclonal Antibodies 160
8.19.1.7 VitroHES™ 160
8.19.1.8 Stem Culture Tools 161
8.20 Cellerant Therapeutics, Inc. 161
8.20.1 Cellerant™s Pipeline 161
8.20.1.1 CLT-008 161
8.21 CellCyte Genetics Corporation 162
8.21.1 CellCyte™s Product Candidates 162
8.21.2 CellCyte™s Therapeutic Pipeline 162
8.21.2.1 Heart Repair 163
8.21.2.2 Cells for Use in the Liver 163
8.21.2.3 Delivery of Stem Cells to the Bone Marrow 163
8.21.2.4 Oncology-Adenocarcinoma Tumor Detection 163
8.21.3 CellCyte™s Device Division 163
8.21.3.1 Cell Expansion 163
8.21.3.2 Stem Cell Purification 163
8.22 Cellerix 164
8.22.1 Cellerix™s Products 164
8.22.1.1 Ontaril™ 164
8.22.1.2 Cx501 164
8.23 CellSeed, Inc. 164
8.23.1 Regenerative Cornea Product from CellSeed 165
8.23.2 Regenerative Living Cardiac Patch 165
8.24 Cellular Dynamics International, Inc. (CDI) 165
8.24.1 Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cell Technology 165
8.24.2 Cardiomyocytes 166
8.24.3 Mastocytes 166
8.25 CellTran Ltd. 166
8.25.1 Myskin™ 166
8.25.2 Lyphoderm 167
8.25.3 Products in Development 167
8.25.3.1 Vitiligo Treatment 167
8.25.3.2 Corneal Epithelial Treatment 167
8.25.3.3 Cell Migration Dressing 167
8.26 Cerco Medical 167
8.26.1 Cerco™s Concept 167
8.27 Cellular Engineering Technologies, Inc. 168
8.27.1 CET™s Human Amniotic Epithelial Stem Cells 168
8.27.2 CET™s Cryopreservation Media 168
8.27.3 CET™s Adipogenic Differentiation Media 169
8.27.4 CET™s Cardiomyocyte Differentiation Media 169
8.27.5 CET™s Chondrogenic Differentiation Media 169
8.27.6 CET™s Neural Differentiation Media 169
8.27.7 CET™s Osteogenic Differentiation Media 169
8.27.8 CET™s Amniotic Epithelial Stem Cell Expansion Media 169
8.27.9 CET™s Cord Blood Multipotent Unrestricted Somatic Stem Cell Expansion Media 169
8.27.10 CET™s Mesenchymal Stem Cell Expansion Media 169
8.27.11 CET™s Human Immunological Cells 170
8.27.12 CET™s Human Foreskin Fibroblast Cells 170
8.27.13 CET™s Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Expansion Media 170
8.27.14 CET™s Cryopreservation Media 170
8.27.15 CET™s Bioelectrode Cell-based Assays 170
8.27.16 CET™s Hepatic Drug Screening 171
8.27.17 CET™s Neural Drug Screening 171
8.27.18 CET™s Contract Research Services 171
8.28 Cord Blood America, Inc. 171
8.29 CorMatrix™ Cardiovascular, Inc. 172
8.29.1 ECM Technology™ 172
8.30 Cryo-Cell International, Inc. 172
8.31 Cytori Therapeutics, Inc. 173
8.31.1 Market for Clinical-Grade Cells 174
8.31.2 StemSource™ and Cell Banking 174
8.31.3 Celution™ System Pipeline 174
8.31.3.1 Cardiovascular Disease 174
8.32 CryoLife, Inc. 174
8.32.1 CryoLife™s Services and Products 174
8.32.1.1 Tissue Preservation Services 174
8.32.1.2 Human Cardiac Tissue 175
8.32.1.3 Human Vascular Tissue 175
8.32.1.4 Human Orthopedic Tissue 175
8.32.1.5 ProPatch Soft Tissue Repair Matrix 175
8.33 Epistem PLC 175
8.33.1 Xenografting 175
8.33.2 Cancer Stem Cell Assays 176
8.33.3 Angiogenesis Models 176
8.33.4 Colon Cancer Models 176
8.33.5 Oncology Biomarker Models 176
8.33.6 In Vitro Cytotoxicity Testing 176
8.33.7 Target Validation-Oncology 177
8.33.8 Inflammatory Bowel Disease 177
8.33.9 Dermatology 177
8.33.10 Histology and Molecular Services 178
8.33.11 Epistem™s Biomarkers 178
8.33.12 Epistem™s New Therapies 178
8.34 ES Cell International Pvt, Ltd. 178
8.34.1 ESI™s Technology 179
8.34.2 ESI™s Intellectual Property 179
8.35 Forticell Bioscience, Inc. 180
8.36 OrCel™ 180
8.36.1 Technology 180
8.37 Gamida Cell 181
8.37.1 Gamida™s Technology 181
8.38 GenVec, Inc. 181
8.39 Geron Corporation 181
8.39.1 Geron and Human Embryonic Stem Cell Therapies 182
8.39.2 Geron™s Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells for Spinal Cord Injury (GRNOPC1) 182
8.39.3 Geron™s Cardiomyocytes for Heart Disease (GRNCM1) 183
8.39.4 Geron™s Islet Cells for Diabetes (GRNIC1) 183
8.39.5 Geron™s Osteoblasts for Osteoporosis and Non-Union Bone Fractures 183
8.39.6 Geron™s Chondrocytes for Osteoarthritis 183
8.39.7 Geron™s Dendritic Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy and to enable Therapeutic Graft Acceptance 183
8.39.8 Geron™s Immortalized Cells for Research 183
8.39.9 Geron™s hESC-derived Cells for Drug Screening and Toxicology 184
8.40 Glycosan Biosystems, Inc. 184
8.40.1 Extracel™ Hydrogel Kit 184
8.40.2 Extracel-X™ Hydrogel Kit 184
8.40.3 Extracel-HP™ Hydrogel Kit 184
8.40.4 Extracel-SS™ Hydrogel Kit 184
8.40.5 HyStem™ Hydrogel Kit 185
8.40.6 HyStem-C™ Hydrogel Kit 185
8.40.7 HyStem-HP™ Hydrogel Kit 185
8.40.8 HyStem-CSS™ Hydrogel Kit 185
8.40.9 PEGDA 185
8.40.10 PEGTA 185
8.40.11 PEGSSDA™ (PEGSSDA) 185
8.41 Humacyte, Inc. 186
8.41.1 Humacyte™s Technologies 186
8.41.1.1 Vascular Products 186
8.41.1.2 Injectable Products 186
8.41.1.3 Human Embryonic Stem Cell Therapies 186
8.42 Intercytex Group plc 187
8.42.1 Intercytex™s Pipeline 187
8.42.1.1 VAVELTA™ - Skin Repair and Rejuvenation 187
8.42.1.2 SHEF-1 - Stem Cell Line 188
8.42.1.3 ICX-SKN™Skin Graft Replacement for Burns and Acute Wounds 189
8.42.1.4 ICX-TRC - Hair Regeneration 189
8.42.1.5 Cyzact™™Chronic Wound Repair 190
8.43 Integra LifeSciences Holding, Corp. 190
8.43.1 Integra™s Duraplasty Products 190
8.43.2 Integra™s Collagen for Spine 191
8.43.3 Integra™s Dermal Regeneration and Engineered Wound Dressings 191
8.43.4 Integra™s Nerve and Tendon Products 191
8.43.5 Human Cells, Tissues and Cellular and Tissue-Based Products from Integra 191
8.44 International Stem Cell Corporation 191
8.44.1 ISCO™s Technology 192
8.44.1.1 Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer 192
8.44.1.2 Parthenogenesis 192
8.44.1.3 ISCO™s Therapeutic Focus 192
8.44.1.4 Retinal Degeneration 192
8.44.1.5 Diabetes Therapies 193
8.44.1.6 Liver Therapies 193
8.44.2 ISCO™s Products 193
8.45 Japan Tissue Engineering Co., Ltd. 194
8.45.1 Cultured Epidermis 194
8.45.2 Cultured Cartilage 195
8.45.3 Cultured Corneal Epithelium 196
8.46 LifebankUSA 196
8.46.1 Cord Blood Banking 196
8.47 Life Technologies Corporation 198
8.47.1 Life Technologies™ Customers 198
8.47.1.1 Life Science Researchers 198
8.47.1.2 Commercial Producers of Biopharmaceutical and Other High-Valued Proteins 199
8.47.1.3 Applied Markets 199
8.47.2 Life Technologies™ Products 199
8.48 Lonza 199
8.48.1 Lonza™s Products and Applications 199
8.49 MedCell Bioscience, Ltd. 200
8.49.1 MedCell™s MS-ten Technology 200
8.50 Medistem, Inc. 200
8.50.1 Method for Expansion of Stem Cells 201
8.50.2 Compositions of Placentally-derived Stem Cells for the Treatment of Cancer 201
8.50.3 Transcatheter Tumor Immunoembolization 201
8.50.4 Stem Cell Therapy for Cardiac Valvular Dysfunction 201
8.50.5 Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction by Stem Cell Therapy 201
8.50.6 Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplants in Non-Conditioned Recipients 201
8.50.7 Stem Cell Mediated Treg Activation/Expansion for Therapeutic Immune Modulation 201
8.50.8 Cellular Therapy for Lower Back Pain 202
8.50.9 Compositions and Methods of Stem Cell Therapy for Autism 202
8.50.10 Stem Cell Therapy for Weight Loss 202
8.50.11 Menstrual Blood Cellular Populations, Isolation, and Use Thereof 202
8.50.12 Endometrial Derived Reparative/Regenerative Cells 202
8.50.13 Treatment of Insulin Resistance and Diabetes 202
8.50.14 Combination Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease 202
8.50.15 Stem Cell Therapy for Autism 203
8.50.16 Endometrial Regenerative Stem Cell Line 203
8.50.17 Medistem™s Angiostem Platform 203
8.51 Mesoblast Limited 203
8.51.1 Mesoblast™s Technologies 203
8.51.2 Mesoblast™s Applications in Bone Repair 204
8.51.2.1 Cartilage Regeneration 204
8.51.2.2 Disc Regrowth 204
8.51.3 Mesoblast™s Application in Heart Attack 204
8.51.3.1 Congestive Heart Failure 205
8.51.3.2 Peripheral Arterial Disease 205
8.51.4 Mesoblast™s Application in Wound Ulcers 205
8.51.5 Mesoblast™s Process and Product Development 205
8.51.5.1 GMP Process Development 205
8.51.5.2 Proof of Principle Models 206
8.52 Millipore Corporation 206
8.52.1 Millipore™s Drug Discovery and Development Services 207
8.52.2 Millipore™s Research and Development 207
8.53 Miltenyi Biotec 208
8.53.1 Miltenyi Biotec™s MACS™ Technology 208
8.53.2 MACS™ Cell Analysis 208
8.53.3 MACS™ Cell Culture product line 208
8.54 Neostem, Inc. 208
8.54.1 NeoStem™s Services 209
8.55 NeuralStem, Inc. 209
8.55.1 NeuralStem™s Focus on Regenerative Medicine 210
8.55.2 The Potential of NeuralStem™s Tissue-Derived Stem Cell-based Therapy 210
8.55.3 Potential Markets 210
8.55.4 NeuralStem™s Technology 210
8.55.5 NeuralStem™s Research Programs 210
8.56 NeuroGeneration 213
8.56.1 NeuroGeneration™s Stem Cell Therapy 213
8.57 Novocell, Inc. 213
8.57.1 Novocell and Stem Cell Engineering 214
8.57.2 Novocell and Cell Encapsulation 214
8.57.3 Novocell™s Clinical Trials 214
8.58 Opexa Therapeutics, Inc. 214
8.58.1 Opexa™s Products 214
8.58.1.1 Tovaxin™ 214
8.58.1.2 Current MS Treatments 215
8.59 Organogenesis, Inc. 216
8.59.1 Products from Organogenesis 216
8.59.1.1 Apligraf™ 216
8.59.1.2 VCT01™ 217
8.59.1.3 CelTx™ for Oral Soft Tissue Regeneration 217
8.59.2 Bio-surgery 217
8.59.2.1 FortaFlex™ 218
8.59.3 Licensing Opportunities 218
8.59.3.1 FortaFlex™ Collagen Biomaterial Technology 218
8.60 Orthovita, Inc. 219
8.60.1 Orthovita™s Products and Product Candidates 219
8.60.1.1 Orthovita™s Bone Defect Grafting Products 219
8.60.1.2 Orthovita™s Spinal Fusion and Grafting Products 220
8.60.1.3 Orthovita™s Trauma Products 220
8.60.1.4 Orthovita™s Dental, Periodontal, Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Products 220
8.61 Osiris Therapeutics, Inc. 221
8.62 Pervasis Therapeutics, Inc. 222
8.62.1 Vascugel™ 222
8.62.2 PVS-10200 - Minimally Invasive 222
8.63 Pleuron Corp. 223
8.63.1 Plureon™s Technology 223
8.64 Pluristem Therapeutics, Inc. 223
8.64.1 Pluristem's PluriX™ 3D Bioreactor 223
8.64.2 Pluristem's PLacental eXpanded (PLX) Cells 223
8.64.3 PLX™PAD for Peripheral Artery Disease 224
8.64.4 PLX™IBD for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Crohn™s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis) 224
8.64.5 PLX™MS for Multiple Sclerosis 224
8.64.6 PLX™STROKE for Ischemic Stroke 224
8.65 Reinnervate LLC 224
8.65.1 Reinnervate™s Technology 225
8.65.2 Reinnervate™s Culture Apparatus for Three Dimensional Cell Growth 225
8.65.3 Production of Synthetic Retinoids to Control Cell Differentiation 225
8.66 Regenocyte Therapeutic 225
8.66.1 Regenocyte™s Adult Stem Cell Therapy 225
8.67 ReNeuron Group Plc 226
8.67.1 ReNeuron™s Platform Technologies 226
8.67.2 ReNeuron™s Cell Therapy Programs 226
8.67.3 ReNcell™ Products 226
8.68 Saneron Therapeutics, Inc. 226
8.68.1 Saneron™s U-CORD-CELL™ Program 227
8.68.2 Saneron™s SERT-CELL™ Program 227
8.69 Scikon Innovation, Inc. 227
8.69.1 Scikon™s Human Cell Products 227
8.70 Stem Cells, Inc. 227
8.70.1 StemCell™s Specialty Cell Culture Products 229
8.70.2 StemCell™s Patents 230
8.71 StemCell Technologies, Inc. 231
8.71.1 SCT™s Products 231
8.71.2 Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research 231
8.71.3 SCT™s Mesenchymal Stem Cell Products for Human Cells 232
8.71.4 SCT™s Products for Neural Stem Cells Research 232
8.71.5 Stem Cell Innovations (SCI) 234
8.71.6 SCI™s Research and Development 234
8.71.7 SCI™s Services 235
8.71.7.1 PluriCells™ and Derivatives 235
8.71.7.2 ACTIVTox™ 235
8.71.7.3 PREDICTIVTox™ 235
8.71.7.4 Endogenous Protein Production 235
8.72 Stem Cell Sciences KK 235
8.72.1 Cell-Based Therapy 236
8.72.2 SCS KK™s Product/Service 236
8.72.2.1 CultiCell Medium for Embryonic Stem Cells 236
8.72.3 Contract/Sponsored Research on ES-Derived Functional Cells 237
8.73 Stem Cell Therapy International, Inc. 237
8.73.1 Biological Preparations 237
8.73.2 Treatment of Patients with Diabetes 237
8.73.3 Treatment of Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy 238
8.73.4 Atherosclerosis Coronary Heart Disease and Cerebral Ischemia 238
8.73.5 Liver Cirrhosis 238
8.73.6 Non-Specific Ulcerative Colitis (Crohn™s Disease) 238
8.73.7 Immunomodulation before Capital Surgical Operations Wound Dystrophy 238
8.73.8 Acute Surgical Complications 238
8.73.9 Peritoneal Commissures of the Abdominal Cavity 239
8.73.10 Immunodeficient States in Children 239
8.73.11 Sickle-Cell Anemia Therapy 239
8.73.12 Complex Therapy of Down™s Disease 239
8.73.13 Complex Therapy of Cosmetic Problems 240
8.73.14 Diseases and Disorders of Nervous System 240
8.74 Stempeutics Research Private Limited 240
8.74.1 Research: Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Wharton™s Jelly 241
8.74.2 Research: Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Adipose Tissue 241
8.74.3 Research: Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Dental Pulp 241
8.74.4 Research: Large Scale Upscaling of Mesenchymal Stem Cells 242
8.74.5 Research: Human Embryonic Stem Cells 242
8.74.6 Stempeutics™ Clinical Trials 242
8.74.6.1 Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) 243
8.74.6.2 Critical Limb Ischemia (CLI) 243
8.74.6.3 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 243
8.74.6.4 Liver Cirrhosis 243
8.74.6.5 Osteoarthritis 244
8.74.6.6 Diabetes Mellitus ™ Type II 244
8.74.6.7 Cerebral Stroke (This Trial is being Conducted in Malaysia) 244
8.75 Tengion, Inc. 244
8.75.1 Tengion™s Technology 244
8.75.2 Tengion™s Pipeline 245
8.76 TheraVitae 245
8.76.1 TheraVitae™s Stem Cell Technology 245
8.76.2 TheraVitae™s Products 246
8.76.2.1 VesCell™ for Heart Disease 246
8.76.2.2 VesCell™ for Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) 246
8.76.2.3 Future Products 246
8.77 VistaGen Therapeutics, Inc. 246
8.77.1 VistaGen™s Embryonic Stem Cell Technologies 246
8.77.2 Tools for Drug Discovery and Regenerative Medicine 247
8.77.3 New Generation Drug Screening Assays for Neurological Drugs 247
8.77.4 New Generation Drug Screening Assays for Metabolic Diseases 247
8.77.5 Toxicity Screening 247
8.78 ZenBio, Inc. 248
8.78.1 ZenBio™s Culture Media 249

Appendix 1: Clinical Trials in Stem Cell Space 250
Appendix 2: Stem Cell Glossary 258
Appendix 3: Consultants in Cell Therapy Sector 263
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INDEX OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1: Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESC) 29
Figure 2.2: Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Specialized Cell Types 30
Figure 2.3: Hematopoietic and Stromal Cell Differentiation 31
Figure 2.4: Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) 32
Figure 3.1: Percent Population of Patient Pool with Unmet Clinical Need 33
Figure 3.2: Implantation of a Hydrogel at the Site of an Injured Tissue 44
Figure 3.3: Implantation of CS-PEG Hydrogel 45
Figure 3.4: Implantation of CMP-PEG Scaffold 45
Figure 4.1: Market for the Three Major Segments of Stem Cell Market, 2008-2012 65
Figure 4.2: Market for Cell Therapy Products in the U.S., 2009-2018 65
Figure 4.3: Utilization of Stem Cell Types in Stem Cell Market Place, 2008 66
Figure 4.4: Potential Uses of Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs) 67
Figure 4.5: Global Market for Cord Blood Stem Cells, 2010-2015 70
Figure 4.6: Worldwide Growth of Public Cord Blood Banks, 2005-2009 74
Figure 4.7: Worldwide Growth of Private Cord Blood Banks, 2005-2009 74
Figure 4.8: Standard Procedure for Cord Blood Processing 75
Figure 4.9: Cell Culture Products by Market Segment 76
Figure 4.10: Global Market for Cell and Tissue Analysis Products, 2008-2014 77
Figure 4.11: Growth in Size of Cell Therapy Industry, 2000-2008 82
Figure 4.12: Percent Break-Up of Cell Therapy Companies by Product Type, 2008 83
Figure 4.13: Location of Primary Tissue Engineering Companies (%) by Geography, 2008/2009 85
Figure 4.14: Breakdown (%) of Primary Cell Therapy Products on Market by Geography, 2008/2009 87
Figure 4.15: Geographical Distribution of Clinical Trials, 2008/2009 90
Figure 5.1: Value Chain of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapeutics 104
Figure 5.2: Use of Coverage and Reimbursement Knowledge in the Product Life Cycle 105
Figure 6.1: Increase in Worldwide Funding for Cell Therapy Products, 2008-2018 108
Figure 7.1: CIRM™s Grant Awards (%) by Category, 2009 121
Figure 7.2: CIRM™s Funding (%) by Disease Application, 2009 122
Figure 7.3: CIRM™s Funding (%) by Disease Category, 2009 122
Figure 8.1: Cardio3 Biosciences™ Investors, 2008 155
Figure 8.2: Relative Success of Cord Blood Stem Cells from Autogenic Donor 197
Figure A1.1: Clinical Studies on Cell Therapy related Products by Country, 2010 257


INDEX OF TABLES

Table 2.1: Different Types of Stem Cells and Their Properties 23
Table 2.2: Adult Stem Cell (ASC) Differentiation Properties 24
Table 2.3: HSC Sources and Their Properties 26
Table 3.1: Stem Cell Therapeutics for Orthopedic Disease in Development 35
Table 3.2: Stem Cell-based Therapeutics for Cardiac and Ischemic Diseases in Development 37
Table 3.3: Stem Cell Therapeutics for Type I Diabetes in Development 38
Table 3.4: Stem Cell Therapeutics for Neurological Disease in Development 39
Table 3.5: Stem Cell-based Therapeutics for Vascular Diseases in Development 43
Table 3.6: Stem Cell Therapeutics for Hematological Diseases in Development 43
Table 3.7: Products in Development: Target Indications, 2008 46
Table 3.8: Top Ten Regenerative Medicine Products, 2008 47
Table 3.9: Wound Healing Products 52
Table 3.10: Autologous Tissue-Engineering Products from BioTissue Technologies AG 57
Table 3.11: co.don™'s Product Portfolio 58
Table 4.1: Entities Developing hSCs 66
Table 4.2: Biotech and Pharmaceutical Companies Investing in hESC Research 67
Table 4.3: Selected Cord Blood Banks Worldwide 71
Table 4.4: Selected Cord Blood Banks in the U.S. 72
Table 4.5: Companies in the Cord Blood Stem Cell Technology and Therapeutics Development Space 73
Table 4.6: Some Selected Suppliers of In Vitro Test Kits and their Products 77
Table 4.7: Suppliers of Cells and Tissues 78
Table 4.8: Suppliers of Media and Cell Reagents 79
Table 4.9: Providers of Equipments for Stem Cell Research 80
Table 4.10: Providers of Computer Software for Stem Cell Research 81
Table 4.11: Geographical Distribution of Stem Cell-Related Tissue Engineering Companies, 2008 84
Table 4.12: Breakdown of Cell Therapy Firms by Country, 2008/2009 85
Table 4.13: Cell Therapy Products on the Market by Type and Application Area 87
Table 4.14: Data on Sales and Application for Skin and Cartilage Products, 2006-2008 88
Table 4.15: Reagent Sales by Selected Stem Cell Companies, 2008 89
Table 4.16: Sales of Secondary Products, 2007 89
Table 4.17: Disease Focus of Clinical Trials, 2008/2009 91
Table 4.18: Stem Cell Products in Phase II/III and Phase III Trials, 2008/2009 92
Table 4.19: Licensing Activity in Pharmaceutical and Cell Therapy Industries 97
Table 4.20: Investment Activity in Cell Therapy Sector 97
Table 4.21: Novel Partnership by Large Pharmaceuticals with Universities 97
Table 4.22: Cell Therapy Companies with Greater Than $10 Million by Market Cap, 2008 98
Table 5.1: Elements of a Manufacturing Facility 100
Table 5.2: Cell Therapy CMO Qualification Audit: Points to Investigate 100
Table 5.3: Areas for Coverage and Reimbursement Competency and Planning 105
Table 6.1: Cell-Based Regenerative Medicine Companies 109
Table 6.2: NIH Funding for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, 2003-2009 112
Table 6.3: NIH Funding for Various Types of Stem Cell Research, 2004-2009 113
Table 6.4: CIRM Funded Grants To-Date 113
Table 6.5: Economic Costs of Major Illnesses in the U.S. and the Number of Patients 114
Table 6.6: Costs per Quality-Adjusted Life Year for Various Interventions 116
Table 7.1: Stem Cell Policies in North America 117
Table 7.2: Stem Cell Policies in South America 118
Table 7.3: Stem Cell Policies in Europe 118
Table 7.4: Stem Cell Policies in Asia/Oceania 119
Table 7.5: List of Upcoming Request for Applications (RFAs) Showing Commitments from Funding Partners 121
Table 7.6: Recipients of Funds from Connecticut Stem Cell Research Program, 2009 123
Table 7.7: Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund, 2008 125
Table 7.8: NJCST™s Award of Grants for Stem Cell Research, 2008 126
Table 7.9: NYSTEM™s IIRP Awards, 2008 127
Table 8.1: Aastrom™s Patents, 2010 130
Table 8.2: Aastrom™s Product Pipeline, 2010 132
Table 8.3: Patents Owned by Advanced Cell Technologies, Inc., 2009 133
Table 8.4: Asterand™s Frozen and Fixed Tissue Products, 2010 135
Table 8.5: Alseres™ Product Pipeline, 2009 136
Table 8.6: Amgen™s Outstanding Material Patents for Darbepoetin Alfa 140
Table 8.7: Amgen™s Outstanding Material Patents for Epoietin Alfa 140
Table 8.8: Amgen™s Outstanding Material Patents for Pegfilgrastim 140
Table 8.9: Amgen™s Product Candidates 141
Table 8.10: Amgen™s Product Candidates by Phase of Development 141
Table 8.11: Angioblast™s Product Development 144
Table 8.12: BD Biosciences™ Customers and Products 147
Table 8.13: BD Biosciences™ Revenue by Segment, 2008 and 2009 147
Table 8.14: Bioheart™s Patents, 2009 150
Table 8.15: Bioheart™s Pending Patent Applications, 2009 150
Table 8.16: Bioheart™s Clinical Trials, 2009 150
Table 8.17: BioMimetic™s Clinical Data, 2010 152
Table 8.18: Cellerant™s Pipeline 161
Table 8.19: Private Cord Blood Banking vs. Public Donation 172
Table 8.20: Cytori™s Celution™ System Family and its Regulatory Status, 2009 173
Table 8.21: ESI™s Patents in Stem Cell Field, 2009 179
Table 8.22: Gamida™s Pipeline, 2009 181
Table 8.23: hESC-derived Product Candidates Being Developed by Geron or Its Collaborators 182
Table 8.24: Intercytex™ Product Pipeline, 2009 187
Table 8.25: LifebankUSA™s Cord Blood Units Released for Transplant Standard Therapies 197
Table 8.26: Medistem™s Patent Applications 200
Table 8.27: Millipore™s Products in Apoptosis and Cell Biology 206
Table 8.28: Millipore™s Products in Biomarkers 206
Table 8.29: Millipore™s Products in Cell Culture and Stem Cell Biology 207
Table 8.30: Millipore™s Products in Cell Signaling and Epigenetics 207
Table 8.31: Millipore™s Drug Discovery and Development Services 207
Table 8.32: Potential Target Markets for Stem Cell Therapies in the U.S. 210
Table 8.33: Issued and Pending Patents Owned by NeuralStem, Inc. 212
Table 8.34: Opexa™s Pipeline, 2009 216
Table 8.35: Orthovita™s Bone Graft Products, 2009 220
Table 8.36: Orthovita™s Bone Marrow Aspiration Tools, 2009 221
Table 8.37: Osiris™ Biologic Drug Candidates, 2010 221
Table 8.38: Pervasive™s Product Pipeline 223
Table 8.39: Scikon™s Media for Cell seeding and Culture, 2010 227
Table 8.40: Current Status of StemCell™s Two Therapeutic Product Development Programs 228
Table 8.41: StemCell™s Specialty Cell Culture Products 229
Table 8.42: StemCell™s U.S. Patents, 2009 230
Table 8.43: Cell Types Separated by SCT™s Four Solutions 231
Table 8.44: Products Offered by SCT for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research 232
Table 8.45: SCT™s Products for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research 232
Table 8.46: SCT™s Products for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Research 232
Table 8.47: SCT™s Products for Neural Stem Research 233
Table 8.48: SCT™s Other Products for Stem Cell Related Research 233
Table 8.49: Tengion™s Pipeline 245
Table 8.50: ZenBio™s Products 248
Table A1.1: Stem Cells in Clinical Trials 250
Table A3.1: Consultants in Cell Therapy Sector 263
[Fade out list of tables / figures]